Optimal. Leaf size=747 \[ \frac{\sqrt{-a \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+2 c\right )+c \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+c\right )+a^2+b^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{-b \sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \cot (d+e x)+(a-c) \left (-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+a-c\right )+b^2}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \sqrt{-a \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+2 c\right )+c \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+c\right )+a^2+b^2} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} e \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}}-\frac{\sqrt{-a \left (2 c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+c \left (c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+a^2+b^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b \sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \cot (d+e x)+(a-c) \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+a-c\right )+b^2}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \sqrt{-a \left (2 c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+c \left (c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+a^2+b^2} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} e \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}}-\frac{b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}+\frac{b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}+\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{c} e} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 23.6938, antiderivative size = 747, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 16, number of rules used = 12, integrand size = 33, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.364, Rules used = {3701, 6725, 640, 612, 621, 206, 1021, 1078, 1036, 1030, 208, 205} \[ \frac{\sqrt{-a \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+2 c\right )+c \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+c\right )+a^2+b^2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{-b \sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \cot (d+e x)+(a-c) \left (-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+a-c\right )+b^2}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \sqrt{-a \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+2 c\right )+c \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+c\right )+a^2+b^2} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} e \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}}-\frac{\sqrt{-a \left (2 c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+c \left (c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+a^2+b^2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b \sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \cot (d+e x)+(a-c) \left (\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}+a-c\right )+b^2}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2} \sqrt{-a \left (2 c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+c \left (c-\sqrt{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}\right )+a^2+b^2} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} e \sqrt [4]{a^2-2 a c+b^2+c^2}}-\frac{b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}+\frac{b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}+\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{c} e} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 3701
Rule 6725
Rule 640
Rule 612
Rule 621
Rule 206
Rule 1021
Rule 1078
Rule 1036
Rule 1030
Rule 208
Rule 205
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \cot ^3(d+e x) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)} \, dx &=-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{x^3 \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \left (x \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}-\frac{x \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x^2}\right ) \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int x \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{x \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{\frac{b}{2}-(a-c) x-\frac{b x^2}{2}}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac{b \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 c e}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac{b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{b+(-a+c) x}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac{b \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 e}-\frac{\left (b \left (b^2-4 a c\right )\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{16 c^2 e}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac{b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}+\frac{b \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}-\frac{\left (b \left (b^2-4 a c\right )\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{4 c-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{8 c^2 e}+\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{-b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}+\left (-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right ) x}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}-\frac{\operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}+\left (-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right ) x}{\left (1+x^2\right ) \sqrt{a+b x+c x^2}} \, dx,x,\cot (d+e x)\right )}{2 \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}\\ &=\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{c} e}-\frac{b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}+\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac{b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}-\frac{\left (b \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{2 b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )+b x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )+b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}-\frac{\left (b \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2 b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \left (b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )\right )+b x^2} \, dx,x,\frac{-b^2-(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{e}\\ &=\frac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c \left (c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \sqrt{a^2+b^2+c \left (c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}+\frac{b \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{2 \sqrt{c} e}-\frac{b \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b+2 c \cot (d+e x)}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e}-\frac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c \left (c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b^2+(a-c) \left (a-c+\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )+b \sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \cot (d+e x)}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} \sqrt{a^2+b^2+c \left (c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )-a \left (2 c-\sqrt{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2}\right )} \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}\right )}{\sqrt{2} \sqrt [4]{a^2+b^2-2 a c+c^2} e}+\frac{\sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{e}+\frac{b (b+2 c \cot (d+e x)) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)}}{8 c^2 e}-\frac{\left (a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)\right )^{3/2}}{3 c e}\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [C] time = 25.7932, size = 411, normalized size = 0.55 \[ \frac{\sqrt{\frac{a \cos (2 (d+e x))-a-b \sin (2 (d+e x))-c \cos (2 (d+e x))-c}{\cos (2 (d+e x))-1}} \left (\frac{-8 a c+3 b^2+32 c^2}{24 c^2}-\frac{b \cot (d+e x)}{12 c}-\frac{1}{3} \csc ^2(d+e x)\right )}{e}+\frac{\tan (d+e x) \sqrt{a+b \cot (d+e x)+c \cot ^2(d+e x)} \left (-b \left (b^2-4 c (a+2 c)\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{b \tan (d+e x)+2 c}{2 \sqrt{c} \sqrt{\tan (d+e x) (a \tan (d+e x)+b)+c}}\right )+8 i c^{5/2} \sqrt{a-i b-c} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{(b+2 i a) \tan (d+e x)+i b+2 c}{2 \sqrt{a-i b-c} \sqrt{\tan (d+e x) (a \tan (d+e x)+b)+c}}\right )-8 c^{5/2} \sqrt{a+i b-c} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac{(2 a+i b) \tan (d+e x)+b+2 i c}{2 \sqrt{a+i b-c} \sqrt{\tan (d+e x) (a \tan (d+e x)+b)+c}}\right )\right )}{16 c^{5/2} e \sqrt{a \tan ^2(d+e x)+b \tan (d+e x)+c}} \]
Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.
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Maple [B] time = 0.058, size = 17768080, normalized size = 23785.9 \begin{align*} \text{output too large to display} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \sqrt{c \cot \left (e x + d\right )^{2} + b \cot \left (e x + d\right ) + a} \cot \left (e x + d\right )^{3}\,{d x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-1)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Timed out} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \sqrt{a + b \cot{\left (d + e x \right )} + c \cot ^{2}{\left (d + e x \right )}} \cot ^{3}{\left (d + e x \right )}\, dx \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \sqrt{c \cot \left (e x + d\right )^{2} + b \cot \left (e x + d\right ) + a} \cot \left (e x + d\right )^{3}\,{d x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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